Glossary
An Automated External Defibrillator, commonly referred to as an AED, is a portable, electronic device that automatically diagnoses and treats life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias through the application of electricity, allowing the heart to reestablish an effective rhythm. This medical device is crucial in the management of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), a condition in which the heart unexpectedly stops beating.
The AED is designed to be simple to use for the layperson, and the use of AEDs is taught in many first aid, certified first responder, and basic life support level cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) classes. The device is lightweight, compact, and portable, making it easy to carry to the patient quickly in an emergency situation. The AED works by scanning the patient's heart rhythm through adhesive electrode pads attached to the patient's chest. Once the pads are attached, the AED begins to monitor the heart's electrical activity. If the device detects a problem that may respond well to an electric shock, it permits a shock to be delivered. This shock, or defibrillation, may help restore a normal rhythm. The AED's automated voice prompts guide the user through each step. After the electrode pads are attached, the AED will instruct the user to stand clear while the device analyzes the patient's heart rhythm. If a shockable rhythm is detected, the AED will charge itself and instruct the user to deliver a shock by pressing a button.
The AED will also guide the user through performing chest compressions and rescue breaths. The AED is designed to only allow a shock to be delivered if it detects a rhythm that can be treated by defibrillation. This safety feature prevents the delivery of a shock when it is not needed, which could potentially cause harm. The use of an AED is crucial in the chain of survival, a series of actions that, when performed in sequence, significantly increase the likelihood of survival following cardiac arrest. These steps include early recognition of the emergency and activation of the emergency response system, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced life support.
The AED is a critical link in this chain. The sooner defibrillation occurs, the better the victim's chance of survival. With each minute that passes without defibrillation, the chances of survival decrease by about 10%. This is why it's so important for AEDs to be readily available in public places and for individuals to be trained in their use.In addition to public access, AEDs are also used by medical professionals. Paramedics, for example, carry AEDs in their ambulances and use them as part of their advanced life support protocols. Hospitals also have AEDs readily available in case of a cardiac arrest.AEDs have been shown to be highly effective in saving lives when used properly. Studies have shown that the use of an AED by a bystander can double or even triple the likelihood of a person surviving a cardiac arrest. Despite their life-saving potential, AEDs are not a replacement for medical care. They are a temporary measure to keep the heart beating until emergency medical personnel can arrive and provide advanced care. After an AED is used, it is crucial to call for professional medical help immediately.
In conclusion, an Automated External Defibrillator is a life-saving piece of medical equipment that is designed to be used by both medical professionals and laypeople. It is an essential tool in the management of sudden cardiac arrest, a condition that can strike without warning and often leads to death if not treated immediately. The AED's ability to quickly and accurately assess a patient's heart rhythm and deliver a potentially life-saving shock makes it a critical component in the chain of survival.