Glossary
Above Knee Amputation (AKA), also known as transfemoral amputation, is a surgical procedure performed to remove the lower limb above the knee joint due to severe disease or injury. This procedure is typically performed when the damage to the leg is so severe that it cannot be repaired or when the leg poses a threat to the patient's overall health. The procedure is named as such because the amputation occurs above the knee, meaning that the patient will lose not only the lower part of the leg but also the knee joint, which plays a crucial role in movement and balance. This is a significant distinction from a below-knee amputation (BKA), where the knee joint is preserved.
The decision to proceed with an AKA is not taken lightly. It is usually the last resort after all other treatment options have been exhausted. The reasons for an AKA can be varied, but they generally fall into two categories: peripheral vascular disease (often related to diabetes) and trauma. In the case of peripheral vascular disease, the blood supply to the leg is severely compromised, leading to tissue death and infection. In cases of trauma, the leg may be so severely damaged that it cannot be saved. The procedure itself is complex and requires a team of skilled surgeons, nurses, and anesthesiologists. The patient is first put under general anesthesia. The surgeon then makes an incision in the leg, cutting through the skin, muscle, and bone. The blood vessels and nerves are tied off to prevent bleeding and minimize pain. The bone is then cut, and the muscles are shaped to create a stump that can fit into a prosthetic limb. The skin is then closed over the stump, and the wound is dressed.
After the surgery, the patient will need to go through a period of recovery and rehabilitation. This includes wound care, pain management, and physical therapy. The patient will need to learn how to balance and move without the lower part of their leg. They will also need to learn how to use a prosthetic limb, which can be a challenging and lengthy process. The loss of a limb can have significant psychological impacts on a patient. They may experience grief, depression, or anxiety. It is crucial that these patients receive psychological support to help them cope with their loss. This can come in the form of counseling, support groups, or therapy. Despite the challenges, many patients who undergo an AKA can lead active and fulfilling lives. With the right support and rehabilitation, they can learn to walk again with the help of a prosthetic limb. They can return to their jobs, participate in sports, and live independently.
In conclusion, an Above Knee Amputation is a major surgical procedure that involves the removal of the lower limb above the knee joint. It is performed due to severe disease or injury when all other treatment options have failed. The procedure requires a skilled medical team and a significant recovery and rehabilitation period. Despite the challenges, with the right support and rehabilitation, patients can lead active and fulfilling lives post-amputation.